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The Islamic Salvation Front (Arabic: الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ, ''al-Jabhah al-Islāmiyah lil-Inqādh''; (フランス語:Front Islamique du Salut)) was a Salafi (Sunni) Islamist political party in Algeria. The party had two major leaders representing its two bases of its support. Abbassi Madani appealed to pious small businessmen, and Ali Belhadj appealed to the angry, often unemployed youth of Algeria. Officially made legal as a political party in September 1989, less than a year later the FIS received more than half of valid votes cast by Algerians in the 1990 local government elections. When it appeared to be winning a general election in January 1992, a military coup dismantled the party interning thousands of its officials in the Sahara. It was officially banned two months later. ==Goals== The founders and leaders of the FIS did not agree on all issues, but agreed on the core objective of establishing an Islamic State ruled by sharia law. FIS hurriedly assembled a platform in 1989, the ''Projet de Programme du Front Islamique du Salut'', which was widely criticized as vague. Its 1990 electoral victory, giving it control of many local governments, led to the imposing of the veil on female municipal employees; pressuring of liquor stores, video shop and other unIslamic establishments to close; segregation of bathing areas by gender.〔Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002: p.170-1〕 Elimination of French language and culture was an important issue for many in the FIS such as co-leader Ali Benjadj, who in 1990 declared his intention, "to ban France from Algeria intellectually and ideologically, and be done, once and for all, with those whom France has nursed with her poisoned milk."〔〔Interview with Slimane Zeghidour, ''Politique internationale'', Autumn 1990, p.156〕 Devout activists removed satellite dishes of households receiving European satellite broadcast in favor of Arab satellite dishes receiving Saudi broadcasts. Educationally, the party was committed to continue the Arabization of the educational system by shifting the language of instruction in more institutions, such as medical and technological schools, from French to Arabic. Large numbers of recent graduates, the first post-independence generation educated mainly in Arabic, liked this measure, as they had found the continued use of French in higher education and public life jarring and disadvantageous.〔Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002: p.173〕 Following the first National Assembly ballot, the FIS issued a second pamphlet. Economically, it strongly criticized Algeria's planned economy, urging the need to protect the private sector and encourage competition – earning it support from traders and small businessmen – and urged the establishment of Islamic banking (i.e. interest-free banking.) However, from leaders Abbasi Hadani and Abdelkader Hachani both made statements opposed opening the country to competition from foreign business. Socially, it suggested that women should be given a financial incentive to stay at home rather than working outside, thus protecting sexual segregation (Ali Belhadj called it immoral for men and women to work in the same office) and increasing the number of jobs available to men in a time of chronic unemployment. Politically, the contradiction between Madani and Belhadj's words was noteworthy: Madani condemned violence "from wherever it came",〔''El Moudjahid'', 26 December 1989〕 and expressed his commitment to democracy and resolve to "respect the minority, even if it is composed of one vote".〔''Jeune Afrique'', 12 February 1990〕 Belhadj said, "There is no democracy in Islam"〔''El-Bayane'', Dec. 1989〕 and "If people vote against the Law of God... this is nothing other than blasphemy. The ulama will order the death of the offenders who have substituted their authority for that of God".〔''Horizons'' 23 February 1989〕 In an interview with Daniel Pipes and Patrick Clawson, Anwar Haddam rejected this view of Belhadj, saying, "He has been misquoted. He has been accused of things out of bitterness. He wrote a book in which he expressed himself clearly in favor of democracy. In it, he writes on page 91 that "the West progressed by defeating tyranny and preserving freedoms; this is the secret of the Western world's remarkable progress." Belhadj refers many times to the Western world and to those very values that people are trying to deny us within our own borders."〔("Anwar N. Haddam: An Islamist Vision for Algeria" ), ''Middle East Quarterly''〕〔see also: Shaykh Abdul-Malik ar-Ramadani al-Jaza'iri, ''Madarik un-Nadhr fi's-Siyasah: Bayna't-Tatbiqat ash-Shar'iyyah wa'l-Infia'lat al-Hamasiyyah'' (of Viewing Politics: Between the Divinely Legislated Application and Enthusiastic Disturbances ),(KSA: Dar Sabeel il-Mumineen, 1418 AH/1997 CE, 2nd Edn).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islamic Salvation Front」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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